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The Klein family unit
From July 1937, when Kurt Klein emigrated to the USA, until August 1942, when his parents Alice and Ludwig Klein have been deported to Auschwitz, the family exchanged a whole bunch of letters. lots of them documented the older Kleins' steady struggle to be part of their toddlers in the united states. within the late Nineteen Eighties Kurt all started translating this correspondence. that you may examine excerpts from some of those letters in chronological order beneath.
Chronology and Letters
1937 June -- Kurt Klein, aged 17, arrives in the us. He begins working against bringing his parents to the U.S.
1938 October 10 -- The Nazis take over Ludwig Klein's company.
Walldorf, October 16, 1938
expensive Gerdi,
It changed into gratifying to listen to from you once more this week, at all times a joyous occasion. besides the fact that children that you ought to work so hard, we are of path glad that you do have work. it would be a long way worse, had been it in any other case.
With God's support you'll continue to be healthy; best I have to regularly consider how desirable it could be if we could create a heat environment for you that you simply could come returned to after your each day labors. with a bit of luck, that day will come, besides the fact that children in the meanwhile there is valuable little hope so far as the American consulate is concerned...
I do not know how observe bought out that Father isn't any longer working. To make sure, it may not be lengthy earlier than this is the case. Our business became taken over [by Aryans] on the tenth of this month, but Father is at the moment busy as Mrs. S.'s private secretary. despite all that, we'd be convinced, if things received no worse. for this reason, your worries about our funds are useless in the intervening time...
One can't aid however envy every and everyone who reaches that stage [of being able to emigrate.] now not that one imagines every little thing will be desirable and agonize-free overseas. after all, we don't wish to delude ourselves about every little thing that should be would becould very well be in keep for us there. The main element could be to be reunited with you, to be energetic again and to work with you. as soon as we might be freed of those laborious complications [in Germany] and all of the unpleasantness, we might create a existence with renewed vigour and one that would be modest and without any demands.
[The letter continues with details concerning the Kleins' imminent move from their home, which they had been forced to sell. It details their anguish over certain decisions, i.e., whether to stay on throughout the winter months, mostly without adequate heat, or whether to move to shabby quarters immediately, while the opportunity still existed. They would be sharing the new premises with another couple who were also about to be evicted because a Nazi woman wanted their place. The letter includes a veiled reference to a "Mr. Darkner," meaning the dark uniform of the SS. This was the Kleins' way of telling their children that the SS would make life intolerable for the other couple if they didn't move.]
mom
1938 November 9 -- "Kristallnacht," The night of broken Glass. Alice and Ludwig Klein's house is badly damaged during the pogrom. Ludwig is arrested, but launched after a number of days because of his age. (he's over 60.) The U.S. consulate in Stuttgart is besieged through americans attempting to go away Germany. Consular officers provide Ludwig and Alice a ready number indicating that 22,344 circumstances are forward of them.
November 14, 1938
expensive Kurt,
I are looking to used this opportunity so as to add a number of traces. We hope that you just obtained our postcard of November 12 and our pleasure has subsided a little when you consider that then. We have faith for you to do anything for us over there in the near future, which might serve to settle down mom primarily. We're certain you will allow us to hear whatever about that soon. Regards to the entire relatives and a lot of to you, straight from the heart, your Father
November 14, 1938
dear Kurt,
I want to used this probability so as to add a couple of lines. We hope that you just received our postcard of November 12 and our exhilaration has subsided a bit given that then. We have faith for you to do some thing for us over there in the near future, which might serve to calm down mother mainly. We're sure you'll let us hear whatever thing about that soon. Regards to the entire family and many to you, straight from the coronary heart, your
Father
WalldorfNovember 14, 1938
expensive Kurt,
these days we want to supplement the short postcards we despatched ultimate Saturday to repeat that, thank God, we are neatly and lively and -- whatever thing that's the reason behind our most effective gratitude-- Father is lower back [after being jailed on Kristallnacht] and has taken up his current activities once again. The one factor we are all over again urgently asking nowadays is that our American household do something for us after all....
In case we can not have our own residence over there, then we'll conveniently locate work. That wouldn't be too complicated, however it skill minimal rations. i am sorry to ought to write you in that vein nowadays, but i'm nevertheless too upset. and that i ask you dear Kurt, now not to get excited over this; in any case, there'll be yet another day which, God inclined, will crack of dawn quickly.
[Much of the rest of the letter details the departure plans of friends and relatives who had managed to find a way of leaving Germany.]
mother
Walldorf, November 21, 1938
My dear children,
with the intention to get this letter to attain the steamship on time, I've mixed these lines to each of you. despite all good intentions, I could not write any sooner and now it be late at evening -- however i'm hoping there is satisfactory time to make it. I couldn't write to Kurt as plenty as normal both, because the previous day (Sunday) we have been in Karlsruhe for a number of hours and now I without difficulty lack that point.
provided that that you can see that we're good enough, thank God, and anyway, we trust our contemporary letter and card got here into you possession. We missed your mail this week and presume that or not it's simplest a depend of lack of time for your part additionally.
We heard in Karlsruhe [at my father's brother Eugen's home] that Fred was capable of talk to Trude [Fred, Eugen's son, was living in Buffalo; Trude, Fred's sister, was living in London] and we fervently hope that you, also, acquired a few of that news. We in reality felt compelled to move to Karlsruhe, if for a short while, to be able to have a real dialogue with them. There became a lot to tell each different. they're within the lucky place, if all goes neatly, to go to Trude in about 3 weeks. There, they should be capable of reside for four weeks, after which they'll proceed their adventure to the U.S.
i'm hoping you will be capable of see them in long island on their arrival, additionally as a result of i will ship a few things with them that are intended for you. Of direction, we'd a good deal opt to go with them. As tons because it is to be wished for each and every person who it is going to turn into feasible to leave it is equally regretful for those that have to stay in the back of. We wonder whether we'll ever be in that enviable place![Much of the rest of the letter describes plans various friends and relatives have for leaving Germany.]
mother
Walldorf, November 27, 1938
dear Kurt,
We expect you received our most contemporary letter, and i want to dash off a few lines so that you usually are not anxious about us. I certain
you that we are in the best of health. Gerdi tell us the day before today that Uncle Ben will ship papers [an affidavit] for us by using Monday, Nov. 21 and we hope that we are going to get hold of them all through the next few days. possibly i will trip to Stuttgart this coming week in order to handle some immigration concerns for Mrs. S. on the consulate so that they can manage to pay for me an opportunity to inquire about our scenario. Gerdi altogether sent us 2 publish cards and a letter this weekend, from which we might collect how enormously upset and anxious about us she become. We hope that our mail arrived meanwhile and changed into in a position to pacify her.
the previous day afternoon, a Saturday, we have been in Heidelberg the place we discovered that Hilde Klein [niece] already acquired her papers from Aunt Carrie and forwarded them to Stuttgart instantly...
Guenther Schwarz will move to Chicago meanwhile and his brother to first-class. Hans Seligmann might be on his way to manhattan by way of Dec. 28. All conversations revolve handiest about when and the place you can go; Frischs are sitting in Prague and do not recognize where to go from there. Richard and Klaerle are within the equal repair, and Durlachers will depart this coming week, although he isn't lower back yet [from detention]. additionally, the women Hess will leave right here almost immediately. Hans will go away Walldorf on Dec. 12 and may go to their loved ones in Frankfurt, in the intervening time...
Ruth Weil will now go to England with a infants's transport, in spite of everything. what is going to happen to her mom after that continues to be a not easy riddle. this may offer you some thought of how our congregation right here is quick evaporating...
every little thing else mom will file to you, and so I shut for these days within the hope of hearing anything favorable from you quickly. Regards to all relatives, but especially to you,
Your Father
Walldorf, Dec. 10, 1938
expensive Gerdi,
despite the fact no information got here from you this week, I do need to ship you a number of strains to be able to file our smartly-being, in order that you are not agitated about us. nevertheless, we did have a publish card from Max and Sue the day past, from Kurt the usual letter, and from Aunt Carrie [a cousin, or second cousin of Father's who had been living in Buffalo since before the turn of the century] a extremely nice letter. It strikes us, what empathy the latter suggests for us and how actively she is attempting to get all the loved ones out of right here.
sadly things aren't moving that quickly, despite the fact, despite the fact that you have the best of papers. At present, the [American] Consulate in Stuttgart is being besieged to such an extent that handiest those with a waiting quantity under 7000 are being admitted to the constructing. We, ourselves aren't any. 22, 345 and inasmuch because the consulate considerations handiest eleven,000 visas per year, you could determine for your self how lengthy it'll take until we will be requested to appear there. [It actually took more than two years.]
There is still only 1 other way out, i.e. that one does as Uncle Eugen did [obtain permission to spend the waiting period in another country]. For that one needs an further guarantor, youngsters, who would challenge the documents for the nation in query. i am definite you are going to are attempting to obtain our leaving soonest, through all of the applicable authorities for your conclusion.
we are desperate to get your next letter and hope that you'll be able to have got all our letters of the previous few weeks by means of now. i'm hoping that you're well and that everything is all appropriate with you, always. settle for my most heartfelt greetings for nowadays,
from your Father
Alice KleinWalldorf, January 22, 1939
My expensive Gerdi,
yesterday your card of Jan. eleven came, in conjunction with a letter from Kurt, from which we were joyful to word that each of you're well...
All in all, it takes infinitely lengthy until matters of emigration stream forward. everybody is in a state of ready, hoping on the equal time to be pleasantly stunned in that regard from this aspect and that. however one mustn't allow oneself to let it develop into discouraging. up to now, we have not forwarded our [immigration] papers to [the American consulate in] Stuttgart, as a result of we wanted to look ahead to Mr. Wismann's reply. [Probably their U.S. lawyer] aside from that, no one became allowed to make an look there for the previous week. besides the fact that children, you could accomplish whatever [on your end] on the groundwork of the enclosed doc!
i mentioned in the past that we settled in smartly into our new home [They had been forced out of their home by the Nazis and were now living above a former stable in an old house that belonged to a friend's parents.] and that i can confirm again today that we made it precise comfy for ourselves meanwhile. The home tasks is infant's play for me and at the moment I do get around to performing some needlework. [Having been deprived of any gainful pursuits by that time, Mother had a lot of "spare" time.] there is always diversion of a number of kinds for us and we have fun with much more amenities than earlier than. You see, Mrs. S. has a full house and there are always guests, while at the identical time she has to be out-of-city for the improved part, all of which is related with the arrangements for her gents's emigration. we will handiest be trained from her in each method, notwithstanding one is in decreased instances.
We nevertheless have access to our former condominium for which extensive renovation is being deliberate. We're certain it will seem to be very captivating, but the charge isn't small. The [people in our] old neighborhood are nevertheless attached to us as before, such because the Foersters, Hermanns, Kempfs and others as smartly. they are all the time able to check with us [in sharp contrast to most of the other townspeople who didn't want to be seen 'fraternizing' with Jews] and Anna Koppert [a former maid during my childhood years] and just a few others come to peer us here additionally and bring us edibles although we might get them anyway.
today we sold our bathtub/sizzling water heater which nevertheless stand in their former room. subsequent are bookcase, desk, dresser and grandfather's clock. All this stuff are too big to take along [when the hoped-for emigration comes]. ultimate Wednesday, I went to Mannheim for a metamorphosis after a yr's absence, the place I purchased a few fairly issues. among them are 3 sets of embroidered mattress linens with pillows to your quilts. i will be able to organize them monogrammed I.ok. [Irmgard Klein, Gerdi's real name] right means... I anticipate your choice, dear Gerdi, no matter if you'd like the pillows to your quilts to be lined with the same silk as well. Or let me recognize what else you could need for a dowry, as a result of i might want to purchase it correct away and make certain that it be performed American-fashion. i might think badly -- and you, little question also -- if i would purchase whatever thing that wouldn't be useful. What class of underclothes shall I get for Father? i can get shirts and nightshirts via Mrs. S., from Frankfurt, first-expense fabric and normal in keeping with American patterns.
[The rest of the letter is missing.]
1939 iciness and Spring -- without adequate fiscal substances themselves, the Klein infants work desperately tough to discover someone willing to signal affidavits of aid for their folks. finally they discover a relative to sign an affidavit, but earlier than the visa can also be authorized, this benefactor dies. The Kleins have to delivery the manner in every single place again.
Alice KleinWalldorf, February 25, 1940
My dear little ones,
nowadays i'm going to jot down a combined letter to all of you for a metamorphosis, hoping that i can count to your realizing and that you, dear Gerdi and Guenther, will forward it to Max, Suse and Kurt. This time I really would not have sufficient material so I could write every one in all you a separate sheet. unluckily, we're still now not in any position these days to reply any of your mail and nothing has came about in the meantime which would be of notable activity to you. The leading thing is all the time that, thank God, we can file our neatly-being, which we do with these strains additionally, whatever thing we know you're going to opt to hear specifically.
The cold spell looks to have given strategy to the spring-like sunshine we have now been experiencing for the past few days and the severity of the weather lasted precisely 2 months; it changed into a wintry weather that became fairly anything to cope with. but this, too, we will optimistically have overcome by using now and so we have faith that expensive Auntie's disease will hence progress satisfactorily. alongside those traces, we wish to hope for the premiere, rather than to take the medical professional's prognosis which has it that with the start of the warmer season, [her] suffering will intensify!!!
[Kurt's mother's reference apparently slipped by the censor, because what she meant by "Auntie" of course was the code word for the Nazis' behavior toward Jews. Thus, the "disease" was anti-Semitism and the prognosis of the "doctor" really referred to rumors of a worsening situation for the Jews, once spring came.]
1940 winter -- by way of the end of 1939, the affidavits the Klein little ones have secured for their parents have expired. with the aid of June they have the capacity to secure new affidavits from Lucille Walker, an American-born cousin of Ludwig Klein's.
Walldorf, February 26, 1940
pricey toddlers,
i'm hoping you came into possession of our most fresh letters, whereas we still are lacking any sort of information from you. in the event you did not get hold of our remaining communication, i want to ask you once more to peer to it that we get the new papers as quickly as viable. The consulate has already notified us to furnish them.
apart from that, i am hoping that each one of you're neatly which is the case here. In anticipation of hearing from you real quickly, I continue to be with heartfelt regards, additionally to the entire spouse and children, your
Father
Walldorf, June 2, 1940
My pricey children,
We hope you got here into possession of our most contemporary letter which, however addressed to Max, become intended for all of you and we want to confirm over again that we eventually acquired the affidavits [of support], which pleases us immensely. here's specifically so, inasmuch as we will get an idea from your papers what all you have got striven for and completed, for which we owe you all due appreciate. Father become in a position to read practically every little thing, except for an occasional word that he seemed up and it is comfortably spectacular how respectable those files are when it comes to vouching for us. This become already reflected within the certification the Consulate despatched us. Of course, we're extremely joyful about that and need to express our most heartfelt due to you once more, in selected also to Lucille Walker and her husband. If most effective it had been God's will that they would have spelled success for us prior, but we are looking to be satisfied with this scenario also, so long as we are able to continue to be in respectable health and usually all correct. we would like it very a lot if it nevertheless comes to the factor where which you can settle for our very own thanks for this!...
mom
1940 June 26 -- Assistant Secretary of State Breckinridge long outlines approaches through which consulates can indefinitely postpone granting visas. "we can prolong and conveniently stop for a temporary length of indefinite size the number of immigrants into the USA. We may do that via conveniently advising our consuls to position each impediment in the manner and to require further evidence and to lodge to a considerable number of administrative instruments which would put off and put off and put off the granting of the visas."
Walldorf August 25, 1940
expensive children,
a couple of days in the past, we received right here word from the American Consulate in Stuttgart:
"as a result of a metamorphosis of cases, it's now crucial to reassess those immigration functions that had already been permitted, as being inadequate. in many instances, this approval will, undoubtedly, should be rescinded. we are therefore advising you not to make any preparations for such a visit or, when you have already made such steamship reservations, to cancel them unless you hear from this consulate once more. That may still prevent monetary losses for you or your guarantors.
American Vice Consul"
As you can see, our emigration will not go as fast as imagined and we be apologetic about you could be disillusioned. in spite of everything, the event by the use of Russia - Japan [which was one escape route they had considered] will not be viable. it's completely doubtful even if or when this sort of possibility will exist again. The steamship strains by means of Lisbon or Pyraeus aren't any longer open from right here, inasmuch as there are no transit visas through Switzerland and Italy at the moment...
Father
1940 Fall -- After no word from his fogeys for several weeks, Kurt learns from Swiss relatives that his folks Alice and Ludwig had been deported at an hour's notice to unoccupied France. they're being housed in separate barracks in a detention camp called Gurs. In his first letter to his babies, Ludwig Klein urges his sons and daughter to send food or money.
[This was Ludwig Klein's first letter to his children after he and his wife were deported to Camp de Gurs.]
Camp de Gurs, Basses PyrenéesIlot E, Baraque 26October 30, 1940
dear babies,
news of the fate that has overtaken us must have reached you. The reality is, we are up to now still somewhat smartly and hope that it'll remain that approach. If it will at all be possible so you might send us some funds or food, it will be most welcome. mom will without doubt write you one at a time; she is additionally quartered right here within the region and we are able to see each and every other and talk from time to time.
This letter is also intended for optimum and Kurt so please forward it to them. It continues to be unclear no matter if and how long we can dwell here, as is every thing that the long run holds for us. We trust that each one is smartly with you. i will write quickly once again. Take my most heartfelt regards for now,
Your Father
PS Uncle Bernhard, Heinrich and Sigmund, together with their families, are additionally here.
Ludwig KleinIlot E, Baraque 26Camp de Gurs, Basses Pyrenées, December 13, 1940
dear toddlers,
Your strains of Nov. 15 reached us most effective now, however they gave us giant pleasure. Many thanks for the two remittances of Ffrs. 431 each and every (of which 418 were in fact paid out.) additionally, my heartiest thanks for the introduced programs. i will be able to best hope they will arrive quickly. there is also imagined to be a package in transit, about which we bought notice from an address in Geneva no longer well-known to us. unluckily, people from Switzerland can handiest send meals applications of the classification that comprise unrationed items. here in France, every little thing is rationed, too, and you may most effective purchase such objects as chestnuts, figs, apples, and many others., however neither butter nor cheese and meat and sausage are in very brief deliver. What they are giving us is barely sufficient.
little doubt you obtained our most contemporary letters in the meantime and gleaned all particulars from them; and that i'm bound you're going to have taken all critical steps toward our emigration. Getting out of right here should be a sluggish system, despite the fact. everything takes plenty too long and is simply too complicated. On one hand, they are all the time retaining out hope to us, on the different, we're prisoners right here in the meanwhile with none real theory of a way to get out of this circumstance.
pricey Max, you ask what precisely we need funds for, and that i need to comment in that regard that our meals includes the following: in the morning, a little bit of black, so-referred to as espresso. At noontime, a thin soup, primarily fabricated from carrots and beets. within the night, coffee or tea once more and 260 grams of bread which must ultimate the complete next day. it is not sufficient for anyone to subsist on, rather aside from every thing else we are lacking. In view of that, it is comprehensible that we do have costs.
incidentally, in the meanwhile you needn't send us any longer cash, as a minimum unless we ask for it. as a result of there is a accepted shortage of clinical elements, we have a very good deal of sickness here and we hence ought to take particular care no longer to fall ill. Thank God we're all appropriate, healthwise, thus far and hope to proceed to get in the course of the brief winter right here the equal method.
Do take good care of yourselves, too, and send us a sign of lifestyles quickly once again. Regards to the entire loved ones, as well as to yourselves,
Your Father
1940 November -- The Kleins hope that the paperwork for his or her visa application might be forwarded from the consulate in Stuttgart to the one in Marseilles, but they be troubled that they may also ought to start the utility system in all places again.
Camp de Gurs, Basses PyrenéesIlot E, Baraque 2615 November, 1940
dear toddlers,
In reply to your cable of Nov. 10, I answered nowadays, as follows: [In French] "ask Consulate in Stuttgart to send affidavits to Marseilles."
as a result of we now not can write to Germany, i am asking that you just do it for us. The Jewish aid Society has initiated its actions right here, despite the fact nothing will circulation that right now and we may be comfortable if our case will come up via subsequent spring, providing the authorities within the U.S. will situation the appropriate directives. in any other case all might be in vain. [Perhaps a reference, among other obstacles, to the fact that their affidavits would expire by spring.]
it's to be hoped you got my letter of final week, in addition to those from mom. I have not viewed the latter in about 2 weeks, but information from her reaches me practically daily...may additionally God compensate you for all of the sacrifices you're compelled to bring in our behalf...
thus far I haven't been capable of meet Uncle Sigmund, whereas I saw Bernhard twice during the past. [Concluding phrases and wishes.]
Your Father
1941 The Kleins work furiously during the 12 months to reap the paperwork they need to emigrate to the U.S. To be granted an American visa, the Kleins have to have proof of passage to the usa besides the affidavits of assist. three times in 1941 they booklet their passage. each and every time they're unable to relaxed their visas earlier than the ship departs.
1941 April -- Ludwig Klein is transferred to the concentration camp Les Milles, which is nearer to Marseilles and makes it easier for him to work on his visa utility.
Alice KleinCamp-de-GursIlot I, Bar. 12Basses-Pyrenées March 10, 1941
My pricey babies,
We hope you got here into possession of our a variety of letters, notably those of closing week, as a result of they contained the confirmation that the files went to Marseilles and that passage has been booked. i am repeating this as a result of one in no way is aware of even if all of those letters arrived. the most recent ones from you're of Jan. 24 and 29 and we are actually again expecting extra news from you. we're additionally expecting the choice from Marseilles [American consulate] and, as we discovered, these papers are allegedly already here at the camp headquarters [Kommandantur]. therefore, it might probably most effective be a be counted of 8-10 days except we'll get the name [to go to Marseilles]. Father changed into already placed on the listing [of men going to Marseilles] the day past. virtually each day, americans are able to go away here, partly on an individual basis, i.e. folks that intend to move to the usA. The girls go to Marseilles and the gents to Les Milles! toddlers's transports, in addition to childless couples, are additionally being delayed for an extra 8-10 days. for that reason, progress is being made handiest very slowly.
From what we hear, the camps--or whatever other websites exist for girls--are speculated to be overcrowded to such an extent that there isn't going to be any room until additional word. on the same time, the ban on parcel and funds remittances is just going to be lifted a few days from now, in keeping with reports. hence, we are in hopes that the $15 of which you notified us already just a few weeks ago, will ultimately be paid out. many of the individuals are bemoaning the prolong, as is additionally the case with the many meals shipments which have already been anticipated from the U.S. for such a long time. no longer most effective that we're badly in need of all that, but we regret as neatly that you simply need to sacrifice so plenty challenging-earned cash, whereas we sadly can also never have the benefit of it. The premier approach remains by means of Lisbon, from where daily shipments are arriving. possibly which you could are trying this route once more, youngsters by the point this reaches you and anything is in reality sent off, we with a bit of luck may not be right here anymore. Father changed into already twice on the record of guys to move to Les Milles--lamentably with out me--and the girls will have to go to Marseilles, as i discussed. I believe doubly dangerous that in this kind of case I might not be in a position to do something about Father any further the way i am doing it from right here.
In recent instances, i've been in a position to ship him some meals I prepared which naturally taste very decent to him. We also have been allowed to seek advice from every other 2 to 3 instances, whatever that could be unattainable there as a result of the distances. regardless of that, we are blissful to get one step closer and, God inclined, the leisure will then fall into place, so that we might also soon begin to consider of early emigration.
How is Aunt Carrie and all of the different family? Please extend our regards. expensive Kurt, please do write once more about your recreation and how you're spending the relaxation of your time. everything may be of interest to us. The equal goes for you, Gerdi, Guenther, Max and Suse. Do provide our regards to your whole pals and acquaintances, mainly to Aunt Alma, Erich and Margot. If handiest the Munich and Frankfurt households, together with all others, can go to the U.S., instead of getting to set off on one more category of adventure. [i.e. one that would take them to Auschwitz.]
Inasmuch as Father additionally wishes to add to this, i'll shut for now and stay with my most deeply-felt regards and kisses, your loving
mom
expensive children,
As mother already mentioned, I even have the prospect of relocating on to an emigration camp close Marseilles, despite the fact the outlook for a departure [to the U.S.] is minimal. The [American] consulate is swamped and the processing goes very slowly. in addition, all ships' bookings are taken up until the conclusion of July. in keeping with rules, best people with passports can shuttle via Lisbon, whereas the others would should go by means of Martinique which requires travel of 6 to 8 weeks duration. expensive Max, can you no longer intercede with the steamship line to request that their Marseilles representative instigate every thing it truly is fundamental for an early departure at the consulate? in the intervening time, best people that have bought a summons from the consulate can also ask for counsel alongside these lines.
the day before today, I visited mom, where I also met with Uncle Bernhard and his ladies. The latter make a frightful appearance and completely let themselves go. each of us are in first rate shape, thank goodness, and optimistically, the identical holds true for you. the day prior to this, i was notified by means of a French bank that Ffrs. 431 [$10] are on the style once again, for which we ship our best possible thanks. For now, take my warmest regards, to all of you, as well because the spouse and children, out of your,
Father
1941 June -- American Consul in Marseilles cabled to the State department that the Kleins' visa case is authorized, but it's too late to attain the liner this is crusing in July.
Camp de GursIlot I, Bar. 12Basses-PyrenéesJune 4, 1941
My pricey toddlers,
i used to be fairly convinced to be in a position to record fulfilling information of our early emigration nowadays, but as a substitute we find that the potentialities for that are ever diminishing. You too will have turn into privy to that via Father's cable and i'm bound you are more advantageous recommended than we about the latest circumstance. unluckily, today's document via Father is nothing less than hopeless. For that reason, there is completely no use to wallow in amazing expectations, all of which would only result in new disappointments again and again once again. None of us can alter one iota of the total condition and we need to accept it because it comes. We hold to the concept that with God's help the day of a reunion may additionally yet come quickly; we already have so plenty behind us that we are going to, God willing, overcome this too in first rate fitness.
As you may be aware, we now have a observe to seem on the [American] consulate on June 24, and can only hope that after that the possibility of a departure will still exist. we are anxious to listen to what your cabled answer might be, expensive Max. individuals cease by way of daily, all of them within the equal condition, and all of them believing that they'll be in a position to attain their goal sooner through your intervention [at the travel bureau where he worked]. And one adult clings to the subsequent, soliciting for assistance. all the while, we do not even understand a way to assist ourselves. How chuffed it could make us to be at that factor ourselves!...
I bought nonetheless yet another letter from Mr. Thalheimer who notified me that i can expect remittance of Ffrs, 900 [approx. $20] Do take our most heartfelt thanks for it, expensive infants! it will be of interest to us to find out via what route you made this remittance. so far, nothing has been delivered on this end and it is simply too dangerous that these days only Ffrs 400 are being paid out every two weeks. i am additionally nonetheless at the hours of darkness concerning the outdated two remittances of $10 every. Did you remit them by the use of the equal route as well -- or how else, expensive Gerdi? i'm hoping [their arrival] will still be introduced whereas i'm right here [in Gurs]. You see, no rely how thrifty we're, the funds runs through our fingers all too promptly, as a result of every thing is so high priced. in spite of all that, i will be able to nevertheless store on many an item that i'd otherwise have to purchase, thanks to Frieda and Mrs. S. on the same time, it does depress me a great deal to all the time need to be on the receiving conclusion without being in a position to return the want for the time being.
If, God forbid, we should nevertheless have to stay right here for a longer length, the most purposeful approach would be to have meals programs despatched to us via Mr. Thalheimer, via France. that could take us much extra than having to buy each factor for exorbitant fees. once in Marseilles, we will need Ffrs. a thousand for both our visas and medical tests for which we utilized. but it seems like, additional dollars should be needed, an awful lot of which we couldn't have expected; sadly none of your many garb packages ever reached us. That supposed we had to purchase miscellaneous objects. We held off with that until it comfortably needed to be performed; after all, one can't stroll around in complete rags. I acquired a virtually new summer season go well with for Father from Aunt Franziska which is urgently obligatory and of course i'm no longer inquiring for it for nothing. As to footwear and a topcoat, i'll should see where i can get these because Aunt Franziska needs the topcoat for herself [Uncle Sigmund having passed away recently.]
You might consider how unimportant everything is that i'm writing, yet it's somewhat essential for us. You cannot think about how many issues are being altered, sewed or knitted during this location; additionally by using people who packed smartly [at the time of deportation]. dresses, blouses and aprons, and many others. are being common from nightgowns, shirts or loads of different issues! we're fully bored to death with that and every thing else, to the factor the place we just do not need to hear any further or talk about it!
i'd tons reasonably have a conversation with you, pricey Kurt, and wish to avail myself of the probability now already to categorical my heartiest congratulation in your upcoming birthday. What I suppose for you and ardently wish you, i would a great deal opt to let you know in grownup. Who would have notion that on the completion of your 21st year we need to nevertheless be separated? although, by means of no means do I want to smash this present day for you with maudlin sentimentalities. reasonably, may additionally you be privileged to spend it in the most fulfilling manner. Be certain that our recommendations are invariably with you and the entire others. If handiest we are able to retain our fitness, in order that we can also all over again event some fulfilling hours for your business. Even now, we seem to be forward with pleasure to getting your particulars about it all...
I nearly forgot: about a week in the past, I received 1lb of espresso, half a pound of cocoa, and a nearly empty tin of cookies by means of Lisbon, for which I thanks, expensive infants, so very an awful lot. In case we may still need to be here for a chronic period, we'd be most grateful for some butter.
As plenty as i'd want to continue this conversation with you, I do should conclude now. I in fact intended for these lines to move to your tackle, pricey Max and Suse, but inasmuch as I can not send one other special letter to Kurt on his birthday, this can go at once to him. We gladly look forward to your subsequent letter and i ask you to lengthen our top of the line regards to all inside the family. To you, pricey Kurt, as soon as again, my most ardent needs for happiness, a day of enjoyable and most heartfelt regards and kisses, to all of you from your loving
mother
June 6, 1941
expensive little ones,
...As mentioned in my outdated letter, i hope to get hold of the preliminary visa on June 24. if you want to allow me to apply for mother's switch to Marseilles [from Gurs], as a result of she must be latest on the time the exact visas are issued. The date for that to take place depends on my furnishing proof of relevant passage. The [necessary] Portuguese transit visas can simplest be utilized for after the real American visas were issued and should take approx. 2 - 4 weeks, regardless of telegraphic software through the Portuguese consulate in Marseilles. if so, also, BUDD [Jewish aid organization] can not rely on for aid, besides the fact that children HICEM [Jewish aid organization] could be able to do whatever thing on our behalf in Lisbon.
The Spanish transit visa and the French exit visa may also be got inside a few days without any difficulties. that you may see from the foregoing how complicated everything is here and the way an awful lot time all of it takes. aside for that, you stumble upon each possible kind of issue anywhere you go and also you soon gain knowledge of that you should never lose your persistence if you expect to achieve anything else at all. in any other case i'm all correct, something that mother also confirms about herself in her letters which usually take about eight - 10 days. We ought to get used to the present tempo of life right here...
Heartiest greetings...
Your Father
1941 July -- New visa processes delay immigration further. The "relative rule" forces candidates with spouse and children nevertheless in Germany, Italy or Russian territory to circulate extraordinarily strict protection checks to obtain a visa. additionally an intricate device of interdepartmental govt committees are centered in Washington to painstakingly display every immigrant application. The impact of the new rules is that immigration is reduce to 25% of the quota.
Camp de Gurs 7/13/41Ilot [Block] I, Bar. 12 Basses-Pyrenées
In a number of days it may be 9 months considering the fact that we arrived right here.
My expensive little ones,
This time there was a long, and involuntary pause in our correspondence which sadly wasn't our fault. however, thank God, we bought mail once more as of nowadays which brought about great joy all around. From Father, I bought three letters simultaneously and inasmuch as today, Sunday, and the following day are large vacation trips right here, we will have to wait and see unless Tuesday with the intention to might be count number on mail from you as soon as once more, expensive toddlers. we are infinitely sorry that you simply might have had the most excellent considerations about us because of the silence, but i will certain
you that we're all in good health which Father also tested about himself once more nowadays.
We were enlightened nowadays in regards to the new decrees and it's redundant for me to enter lengthy element; I presume that Father has informed you of all that's noteworthy. unfortunately, every little thing has now turn into invalid and we're back to aleph [square one]. you'll need to beginning anew in regard to our emigration. it is even more regrettable for these people who had every little thing "shipshape," but one single hope continues to be for us and that might be if we could get a special visa (by means of Washington) that might let us get out of right here greater rapidly. If handiest we will not have to go through yet a further disappointment along those strains!
specially, I should apologize that I committed the primary mistake of failing to send timely congratulations in your birthday, expensive Guenther, and that i make up for it nowadays within the hope that you are not cross with me; however possibly you are now not stunned that my memory has suffered considerably. So do take my belated most heartfelt decent needs. God willing, we'll be accredited quickly to change our mutual sentiments and wishes in person and i do trust that could make anybody absolutely satisfied. although it will possibly have been disappointing for you now not to have bought the regarded-ahead-to birthday letter in past times, it's nonetheless our hope, pricey Gerdi and Guenther, that you simply had been capable of spend nothing however enjoyable hours on that day, about which we have faith you're going to report quickly!
every little thing about you, even to the tiniest element, can be of activity to hear and this is able to never have happened to me if Father had been here. in the mean time, the worst aspect is that we are compelled to be separated for such a long time already and that I nevertheless am forced to sit right here. That also means that a good deal of what i was in a position firstly to be obsessed with isn't any longer of any final result to me. If, as Father reviews, a brand new camp is being constructed for better halves of the guys at [Camp] des Milles, near Marseilles, then the situation ought to increase a little bit. Most of all, that would provide us renewed hope for a reunion with you...
mom
1941 October 28 -- The Klein's visa case is accepted by using State branch.
1941 November -- The Kleins are summoned to the consulate in Marseilles. they're promised a visa through December 3rd.
1941 December 6 -- Ludwin and Alice Klein plan to trip to the U.S. on December 26th from Lisbon. The japanese assault on Pearl Harbor, a day after this letter become written, sends them returned to the beginning of the utility process.
Ludwig Klein December 6, 1941Groupe 3ACamp des Milles, France
My expensive infants,
You should be in receipt of our cable from Marseilles, sent to Max closing week. As you will have gathered from it, we were on the American consulate on Dec. three, at which era our [main] visas had been imagined to were issued. despite the fact everything become in readiness, they could not be passed over to us because no extra German quota numbers were available [that day or week.] despite the fact, they have to be purchasable once more within a couple of days, at which period the visas can be picked up. so you can see, nothing goes as immediately as anticipated.
once we do get the visas, we are going to have to apply for the Portuguese transit visa, after that the Spanish one so that they can take approx. two weeks to get and as soon as this is achieved, we are going to have to request the French exit visa [visa de sortie] so that it will result in our "liberation." best then will we be capable of get out of Lisbon by means of Dec. 26, presumably making it integral to leave on a ship sailing the beginning of January ['42].
The $50 which you paid to HIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society] will no longer do us any decent as a result of $one hundred is imperative for the commute to Lisbon. we will achieve that [amount] at the local reliable price. it's why I cabled you to withdraw the former volume from HIAS. I already obtained Ffrs. 3,000 from Camille Beermann, as well as Ffrs. 1,600 from Thalheimer. some thing different money will nevertheless be vital, i'll be able to get from the native sources, so that be sure to not remit the rest further. At any price, I thanks lots for you remittances. it be totally uncertain to me why you made this remittance via HIAS, inasmuch as our passage changed into no longer booked and paid for at that company which therefore has no activity in us at all. The fact is that their passengers all go back and forth by way of Oran-Casablanca-Cuba-Mexico-big apple. such a ship will go away with 300 passengers from Marseilles on the twelfth of this month, together with some americans from right here [Les Milles.]
you'll little question have had direct information from mother in Marseilles and that i acquired your most contemporary letter of Nov. 3 and one from Kurt, dated Nov. four. All of them made us very joyful and we hope to be capable of carry you up to date quickly on every thing else in grownup. although we mustn't reach the ship by way of Dec. 26 any more, the brief ready time will also circulate. i'm bound you don't have any idea how a great deal pink tape we come across right here and how intricate it's to comply with the entire formalities. we'll more than satisfied once we attain that point.
apart from that, we're all appropriate, thank goodness, and have been so completely happy to hear the equal about you. In specific, I desire you, expensive Gerdi, an easy time [until her confinement] and hope you all proceed to be smartly. surest regards to all household and chums and settle for my most heartfelt greetings,
Your Father
P.S. mom sends regards, but cannot add her personal strains today because this letter has to get in the mail.
[The day after this letter was sent, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, rendering all of this null and void once more.]
1942 Early 1942 -- conversation between the Klein fogeys and their children becomes more difficult. lots of the letters despatched from France are in no way obtained.
may additionally eleven, 1942
My dear children,
i will best hope that you just did come into possession of the many letters we sent you since January and which should have furnished clarification about our state of health and every thing else it truly is noteworthy. in your recent letters, Kurt, you indicated that you simply had been devoid of news from us for a very long time and we're infinitely sorry about that. it would serve to calm us down considerably if you may file true soon that the contrary is the case...
I hope you might see once how it is when mail from the usa involves our rooms early within the morning; most of all, the delighted surprise which an announcement of immigration approval explanations. unfortunately, such authorizations have reached this hotel simplest very sporadically so far. what is conspicuous about these notices -- of which one came this morning -- is the fact that to this point most effective single ladies appear to have hit the jackpot! but, God inclined, your subsequent document will most likely contain some thing extra encouraging along those strains...
In fresh instances there became a ban on exit passes at Camp des Milles, so that Father turned into only in a position to be right here remaining week after a 5-week hiatus. Of both days, we spent half a day at the sea; that meant taking a forty five-minute streetcar trip to a beach where we sat for a couple of hours and soaked up the sunshine. I infrequently comprehend what changed into greater to be admired, the outstanding panorama alongside the coast, the astonishing play of the waves which, because of the sunlight, took on at all times altering shades; or, searching towards the different aspect, the wildly romantic view of remarkable villas and cafes, apart from the peace and quiet. no doubt it turned into probably the most beautiful day now we have lived via in Marseilles...
i'm as always your ever-loving
mom
1942 September -- Kurt's letters to his fogeys are returned. The envelope is stamped "Return to sender, moved, no forwarding tackle."
1942 November four -- The U.S. State branch authorizes its consul in Marseilles to difficulty Ludwig and Alice Klein with immigration visas. The decent news is just too late for the Kleins; they were deported to Auschwitz ten weeks previous.
department of StateWashington
In reply refer toVD 811.111 Klein, Ludwig
The Honorable Walter G. Andrews, house of Representatives.
Sir:
almost about your hobby within the visa case of Mr. Ludwig Klein and his wife, Alice, I delight in informing you that after extra consideration of the case within the mild of latest conditions, the department has given renewed advisory approval to the appropriate American officer at Marseille for the issuance of immigration visas to the applicants. Notification of this motion has been transmitted via telegraph.
Very definitely yours,
H.okay. TaversChief, Visa Division
1942 November -- Kurt is drafted into the U.S. army.
1945 April -- Kurt is among the many U.S. troops that liberate Volary, in Czechoslovakia. The the usa troopers locate one hundred twenty young Jewish women in an historical manufacturing unit the place they've been deserted with the aid of their SS guards. one of the vital ladies, Gerda Weissmann, later becomes Kurt's wife. In 1957 she publishes an account of her story titled "All but My lifestyles." The booklet is now in its 43rd printing.
1946 March 26 -- The Tracing carrier for Deported and Dispersed Jews informs the Klein babies that their fogeys had been sent from France to Auschwitz on the 19th of August 1942 -- i.e., ten weeks before the State department at last authorized their visa software
.