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EX0-007 exam Format | EX0-007 Course Contents | EX0-007 Course Outline | EX0-007 exam Syllabus | EX0-007 exam Objectives
The purpose of the Foundation certification is to confirm that you have sufficient knowledge and understanding of the P3O guidance to interact effectively with, or act as an informed member of, an office within a P3O model. The Foundation certification is a pre-requisite for the Practitioner certification.
Multiple choice examination questions
50 questions per paper with one mark available per question
40 minutes duration
30 marks required to pass (out of 50 available) – 60%
Closed book.
The Portfolio, Programme and Project Offices (P3O®) guidance provides advice, supported
by discussion and examples, on how to develop a governance structure that helps optimize
an organizations investment in change alongside its Business as Usual work.
P3O qualifications are currently offered are two levels: Foundation and Practitioner.
The primary purpose of the syllabus is to provide a basis for accreditation of people involved
with P3O. It documents the learning outcomes related to the use of P3O and describes the
requirements a candidate is expected to fulfil in order to demonstrate that these learning
outcomes have been achieved at each qualification level.
The target audience for this document is:
=> exam Board
=> exam Panel
=> APMG Assessment Team
=> Accredited Training Organizations
This syllabus informs the design of the exams and provides accredited training organizations
with a breakdown of what the exams will assess. Details on the exam structure and content
are documented in the P3O Foundation and Practitioner Designs.
P3O Learning Outcomes Assessment Model
1.Knowledge 2. Comprehension 3. Application 4. Analysis
Know facts, including
terms, concepts,
principles, model
types and
components, tools,
techniques, roles and
responsibilities from
the guidance.
Understand the key
concepts, principles,
processes, themes,
organizational factors
and roles and explain
their application.
Be able to:
(i) Justify a case to
develop a P3O
model
(ii) Use appropriate
information and
techniques to
identify and
implement the
correct P30 model
for an
organization
(iii) Use tools and
techniques
appropriately
(iv) Identify the
functions and
services to be
provided by a P30
model and the
correct roles to
implement them
for a given scenario.
Be able to, analyse
and distinguish
between appropriate
and inappropriate use
of the guidance
through appraisal of
the justification,
planning, design,
implementation and
running of a P3O
model for a given
scenario.
Syllabus
Area Code
OV
Syllabus Area:
Overview
Foundation
Practitioner
P3O Guide
Reference
Know facts, terms and concepts relating to the Introduction,
the principles of a P3O model and its elements.
Specifically to recall:
Level Topic
01 01
Key PPM definitions:
1. PPM
2. Portfolio, programme and project
3. Portfolio, programme and project
management
4. Business as Usual
What a P3O is:
1. Definition of P3O
2. The potential elements of a P3O model and their definitions
=> 1.4, Table 1.2
Understand key concepts relating to the Overview, Principles of
a P3O model and its elements including the Introduction to
P3O.
Specifically to identify:
Level Topic
Key concepts of a P3O:
1. The objectives of and differences between
portfolios, programmes and projects
2. The objectives of and differences between
portfolio, programme and project
management and how they help to deliver
change
Glossary
The organizational context of P3O:
1. The relationship between Business as Usual,
change and PPM
2. How the elements of a P3O model align to
portfolio, programme and project lifecycles
How a P3O provides a decision-enabling/deliverysupport model and how each P3O model element
helps to deliver change
What a P3O is:
1. The relationships between the elements in a
P3O model and the organization
2. The objectives and key functions of each
P3O model element
Syllabus
Area Code
BC
Syllabus Area:
Why Have a P3O=>
Foundation
Practitioner
P3O Guide
Reference
Know facts, terms and concepts relating to the business
justification for implementing a P3O.
Specifically to recall:
Level Topic
The ways that a P3O can help an organization
deliver its strategy:
1. The elements of Business change
governance support and enablement
2. The terms 'doing the right programmes and
projects' and 'doing programmes and
projects right'
Understand key concepts relating to the justification for
implementing a P3O.
Specifically to identify:
Level Topic
How a P3O can help an organization deliver its
strategy and add value, including its role in
supporting and enabling business change
governance
The Best Management Practice principles for
extracting value from programme and project
management and how a P3O model can help deliver
them
How to recognize stakeholders and the typical
requirements of different stakeholders =>
The P3O Value Matrix and how it can be used to
identify stakeholder needs =>
How to recognize the problem to be solved by
establishing the P3Oand the analysis of recent
issues and reviews
The use of P3M3 assessments to identify key P3O
functions =>
02 07 The role of the outline Vision Statement and initial
Blueprint in defining how the P3O will add value => 2.4.3, Fig 2.4
The purpose, typical contents and approach to
developing the P3O Business Case
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Exin Portfolio guide
Bee pollen samples
Our core investigations were performed on three types of bee pollen samples dried in laminar air move at 40 °C. Rape had a purity of one hundred%, Sunflower of 93% (with 7% maize), and we examined a mixed pollen pattern as neatly. The compositional analyses of the samples are listed in Supplementary cloth table S1.
Rape pollen become gathered by using a beekeeper in nort-western Hungary (Szigetköz location), while the sunflower by using one in principal Hungary (Fejér county). The blended trial
is a conglomerate of pollen samples collected in distinct Hungarian and Transylvanian areas in a lot of seasons.
casting off soluble compounds backyard the cellulosic intine wall (P1 purification part)
Soxhlet extractions
Soxhlet extractions of 100Â g of bee pollen grains were performed in two forms of extractors. in the thinner one, having an internal diameter of 5Â cm, the peak of the pollen column changed into 10Â cm, the optimum level of the solvent column above the pollen was 5Â cm, and an extraction cycle took about 5Â min. within the thicker one, with an internal diameter of 6.5Â cm, the peak of the pollen column become 6Â cm, the optimum degree of the solvent column above the pollen turned into 10Â cm, and a cycle took about 15Â min.
The common time of the extraction become 7 h. The volume of the solvents was 1 L (chloroform, isopropyl alcohol and methanol), whereas the extractors had been equipped with 2 L round-bottomed flasks. The quantity of the material extracted with the particular person organic solvents turned into determined after rotational evaporation and subsequent drying at 60 °C at 5 mbar for 1 h.
observe that throughout extractions with chloroform and isopropyl alcohol the pollen grains stuck together whereas channels were shaped inside the material within the Soxhlet extractor. hence, with a purpose to make the extraction more productive, the pollen within the extractor turned into stirred a few times.
After the extraction with methanol, the samples in the thin and thick extractors had been mixed, stirred for three h in 1 L of hot water, filtered on a tumbler filter (resulting in a transparent stream, which means that no pollen grains have been misplaced) and dried at 60 °C at 5 mbar except weight fidelity was performed.
ultimately, a last round of Soxhlet extraction with acetone become performed. This purification step didn't remove any extra fabric. The consistency of the ensuing purified substance turned into a brittle strong, no longer a satisfactory powder.
Washes with water and isopropyl alcohol
Aqueous washes had been performed with scorching (ninety–100 °C) as well as room temperature water, respectively. 100 g of bee pollen grains changed into blended with 1 L of water and stirred for three h with a mechanical stirrer at 700 rpm.
Stirring in hot water was followed by way of filtering on a pre-heated glass filter. Heating of the filter (by rinsing it with scorching water) became vital to steer clear of the blocking off of the filter by way of the waxy compounds. The pollen on the filter turned into rinsed with 300Â mL of sizzling distilled water and dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 until weight fidelity changed into done.
Stirring in room temperature water was adopted through decantation. The waxy fabric on the water surface changed into removed, whereas the rest become filtered. once again, the substance on the filter became rinsed with 300Â mL of distilled water and dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 except weight constancy was performed. notice that the filtering during this case took a number of hours.
at last, 30 g of dry fabric previously washed with scorching water turned into homogenized in 300 mL of refluxing (80 °C) isopropyl alcohol; and 30 g of dry pollen prior to now washed with cold water become homogenized in 300 mL of room temperature isopropyl alcohol and the solutions were stirred for 3 h. because of this, they had been filtered on a glass filter, rinsed with 100 mL of isopropyl alcohol having the equal temperature, and dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 until weight fidelity changed into completed. The resulting material became a excellent powder.
Washes with isopropyl alcohol and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate aqueous answer
20 g of bee pollen grains was mixed with 200 mL of isopropyl alcohol, stirred for three h at room temperature, filtered on a glass filter, rinsed once more with 50 mL of isopropyl alcohol and dried. consequently, the samples de-fatted in this way were stirred in one hundred mL of 10 m/m % sodium lauryl sulfate solution for three h, washed 5 instances with a hundred mL of distilled water, filtered and dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 until weight constancy was achieved.
In an choice protocol, a hundred and fifty g of bee pollen grains became combined with 750 mL of 10 m/m % sodium lauryl sulfate answer and became let to dwell for a day at room temperature. subsequently it was centrifuged for 10 min at 5000 g, stuffed up with 500 mL of distilled water, and blended. The technique become repeated 6 instances. eventually, the fabric became rinsed on a tumbler filter with 2 L of distilled water and 1 L of isopropyl alcohol and subsequently dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 unless weight fidelity turned into carried out. besides the fact that children, this latter protocol ended in the loss of some material whereas removing the supernatant after the centrifugation steps and turned out to be insufficient for measuring mass balances.
both protocols yielded a satisfactory powder.
Dissolution of the cellulosic intine wall (P2 purification phase)
scorching eighty five% phosphoric acid
10 g of pollen P1-purified through Soxhlet extractions become immersed in 75 mL of 85% phosphoric acid at 90–95 °C for 5 h and turned into vigorously shaken every hour. because of this the material was vacuum-filtered, rinsed with 50 mL of phosphoric acid and 300 mL of distilled water. The time required for filtering dissimilar between a couple of hours and someday. The medicine with potent acid resulted in a depressing brown material. After rinsing with distilled water, the coloration of the colour became lighter. The resulting samples were dried in a desiccator over P2O5 until weight fidelity was accomplished.
Room temperature 85% phosphoric acid
10 g of pollen P1-purified with the aid of Soxhlet extractions become stirred in seventy five mL of eighty five% phosphoric acid at room temperature for five days and became shaken a couple of instances each day. The system become the identical as for the hot acid. word that the vacuum filtering required vastly less time than in the case of the scorching acid.
scorching 10% potassium hydroxide aqueous answer
10 g of pollen P1-purified via Soxhlet extractions became stirred in 50 mL of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) answer at ninety–95 °C for 5 h and become vigorously shaken each hour. because of this, the cloth changed into filtered in vacuo and rinsed with 50 mL of potassium hydroxide solution, and 300 mL of distilled water. The time required for filtering varied between a few hours and 2 days. The technique resulted in dark brown fabric. After rinsing with distilled water, the color of the colour grew to be lighter. The washed samples were dried in a desiccator over P2O5 until weight constancy was finished.
Room temperature 10% potassium hydroxide aqueous answer
5Â g of pollen P1-purified with the aid of Soxhlet extractions turned into stirred in 200Â mL of 10% potassium hydroxide solution at room temperature for 5Â days and changed into shaken a number of instances day by day. The manner become the identical as for the hot alkaline. notice that during this case the vacuum filtering required tremendously greater time.
2-Ethoxyethanol (Cellosolve)
5Â g of pollen P1-purified by means of Soxhlet extractions become stirred in 50Â mL of Cellosolve for 5Â h, whereas being shaken every hour. due to this fact the cloth was filtered in vacuo and rinsed with 25Â mL of Cellosolve and 50Â mL of acetone. The washed samples have been dried in a desiccator over P2O5 except weight fidelity turned into performed.
note that the mass loss during the process using Cellosolve turned into either minimal, or, for sunflower pollen, even a moderate mass boost occured. We speculate that the solvent might bind to the pollen grains. youngsters, the consistency of the substance became unequivocally altered. The rigid, brittle material on account of Soxhlet extractions was modified right into a pleasant powder.
Ionic liquid: 40% tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TBPH)
0.5Â g of pollen P1-purified by using Soxhlet extraction changed into stirred with a magnetic stirrer in 5Â mL of TBPH for 2Â days at room temperature. in consequence the material turned into filtered in vacuo and rinsed with 50Â mL of distilled water. The washed samples have been dried in a desiccator over P2O5 unless weight constancy turned into completed.
in order to reduce the damage of the pollen grains, stirring can get replaced by shaking, while vacuum filtering by centrifugation at 3000g for 10Â min. during this case, the elimination of the TBPH turned into carried out via two centrifugation and resuspension steps the usage of distilled water. Drying turned into sped up through subsequent resuspensions in isopropyl alcohol and hexane, adopted by using centrifugation.
Enzyme cocktails
with a purpose to find the top-quality enzyme mix for dissolving the cellulose-wealthy intine wall, we Verified a collection of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme cocktails (Cellic CTec2, NS22086—Cellulase complicated; NS22119—Enzyme complicated; NS22002—Hemicellulase; and NS22118—β-glucosidase). All of those had been offered by using Novozymes A/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). a mix of Cellic CTec2 (leading endeavor: cellulase) and NS22118 (main activity: β-glucosidase) turned out to be the most effective for intine dissolution, and the effects offered in the paper had been implemented by way of a combination of those two cocktails. Filter paper exercise of Cellic CTec2 was 142 FPU/mL, whereas the β-glucosidase activity of NS22118 was 318 IU/mL. be aware that one unit of filter paper exercise (FPU) is described as the amount of launched glucose (μmol) per minutes at 50 °C and pH 5 the usage of Whatman No. 1 filter paper (Sigma) as substrate, and one unit of β-glucosidase undertaking (IU) is the amount of released glucose (μmol) per minutes at 50 °C and pH 5 the usage of four-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (Sigma) as substrate.
Dilute acidic pretreatment of soxhlet and water-isopropanol purified pollen grains
0.15 g of pollen samples P1-purified by a few protocols were dispersed in 5 mL of two% w/w sulfuric acid answer and handled for 1 h at 120 °C in a pressurized autoclave. After this procedure, the pollen grains had been separated from the supernatant by way of centrifugation (6000g, 10 min) and washed two times with acetate buffer (one hundred mM, pH 5). Dilute acid pretreatments have been conducted in triplicates.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Pretreated and washed pollen samples had been resuspended in 5 mL of enzyme solution containing 0.eighty five FPU of Cellic CTec2 and 0.29 IU of NS22118 in acetate buffer (100 mM, pH 5). The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at 50 °C below continuous shaking for 24 h. To prevent microbial infection, 20 mg of Thimerosal (Sigma) was brought to 1 L of the enzyme answer. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the intine, the sporopollenin exine shells have been separated from the supernatant via centrifugation (6000g, 10 min) and washed with distilled water two times. Dehydration took area in a drying chamber (50 °C) for three days. Enzymatic hydrolyses had been conducted in triplicates.
Chemical coating
The floor of the P1-, and P2-purified sporopollenin became covered with functionalized fluorescent dyes. Rhodamine B isothiocyanate and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) have been attached to the amino groups on the floor of the sporopollenin exine shells as described beneath. Our protocol can be viewed as a mannequin for exine coating by using further compounds with isothiocyanate or other reactive useful businesses.
RBITC and FITC coating was implemented as follows. 5 mg of Rhodamine B isothiocyanate become delivered to a suspension of 10 mg of purified sporopollenin exine in 200 μL of DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide). The resulting suspension became shaken for 2 days. The pollen grains have been separated by using centrifugation and washed many times with DMF except the colour of the dye (RBITC of FITC) become no longer visible within the rinsing solution. subsequently, the functionalized pattern changed into washed twice with water, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran and dried beneath vacuum. an analogous system was utilized for FITC coating.
Instrumental evaluation
Fluorescent microscopy
Integrity and form of pollen grains changed into checked via brightfield microscopy.
Fluorescence microscopy become used, on one hand, to assess the presence or absence of the cellulosic intine, and then again, to investigate the coating of the exine shells with fluorescent dyes. photos had been taken at RT the usage of an AxioImager Z1 epifluorescent microscope (Zeiss) fitted with an Apotome grid confocal unit and a HBO 100 mercury lamp, the usage of AxioCam MRm digital camera and EC Plan-Neofluar forty × NA = 0.seventy five or EC Plan-Neofluar 10 × NA = 0.three air goals (all Zeiss). pictures of Calcofluor white, GFP, DsRed, and Dylight 488 fluorescence had been got in AxioVision SE64 Rel. four.9.1 (Zeiss) and processed in Photoshop CS3 prolonged (Adobe).
to be able to examine the condition of the intine, calcofluor white73,74,75,76, a non-specific fluorescent stain became utilized, which binds to constructions containing cellulose, callose and chitin. Pollen grains had been immersed both in 50% m/m aqueous answer of glycerol or in 1% m/m agarose gel, each containing a 1:1 v/v dilution of the calcofluor white answer (Sigma, 18909, Calcofluor white M2R 1Â g/L, Evans blue 0.5Â g/L). For fluorescent imaging, DAPI filtercube became used. word that the sporopollenin exines display an autofluorescence as smartly (see Supplementary cloth determine S1). hence, our consideration become primarily concentrated on the presence or absence of intine portions which protrude throughout the exine apertures.
To investigate RBITC and FITC coating, lined pollen grains had been immersed in water or 50% m/m aqueous solution of glycerol. For the fluorescent imaging, mCherry and FITC filter cubes were used, respectively.
solid-state NMR
The solid state 13C spectra were recorded at 125.seventy seven MHz using cross-polarization (CP) and magic angle-spinning (MAS). Bruker Avance III 500 MHz spectrometer and Bruker four mm BB-1H MAS probe were used. Spectra were got with the following parameters: relaxation lengthen of 5 s, spectrum window of 80 kHz, pattern spin-rate of 10 kHz. 2048 facts features were got all through 12.9 ms, with a SPINAL-sixty four 1H decoupling sequence. A fashioned Ramp 90–100% 1H pulse became used to get greater productive dipolar interplay all the way through the CP. Spectra are referenced to an external trial
of tetramethylsilane.
Raman spectroscopy
Sporopollenin variants demonstrate a powerful autofluorescence when illuminated with ultraviolet or seen mild. This makes it challenging to record exquisite Raman spectra the use of UV–VIS excitation77,seventy eight,seventy nine. however, when excited with NIR mild, their autofluorescence is minimal. therefore, we determined to operate feet-Raman spectroscopy using close-infrared (1064 nm) excitation laser. besides the fact that children near-infrared lasers are sometimes used to listing Raman spectra of biological samples showing potent fluorescence for the visible latitude, they have certain disadvantages. The decrease power of the close-infrared laser strongly reduces the effectivity of the Raman-scattering which may additionally lead to reduced S/N ratio and probably require a whole lot longer measurement time. close-infrared lasers can also overheat the pattern.
The toes-Raman spectra were recorded with a Bruker IFS55 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer outfitted with a FRA 106 Raman extension unit (Bruker Optik GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany), the usage of a 500 mW 1064Â nm Nd:YAG laser source operated at 100 mW laser vigor and a liquid nitrogen cooled Ge detector. The feet-Raman spectra of sporopollenin exine samples, placed in the average solid trial
holder of the instrument using a 180° back-scattering association, were recorded at 4 cm−1 instrumental decision within the 4000–100 cm−1 wavenumber (Raman-shift) range, and as a minimum 2048 scans had been gathered. The raw spectra were baseline corrected for fluorescent heritage and a 19-point smoothing was utilized for noise reduction.
Fluorescence evaluation
Fluorescence spectra have been recorded by using a Spex FluorMax fluorimeter. 20 mg of rape or sunflower exine purified by means of Soxhlet extractions and TBPH became dispersed in 5 mL of distilled water in a 10 × 10 mm quartz cuvette outfitted with a magnetic stirrer. Monochromatic mild of 300 nm, four hundred nm, 500 nm and 600 nm became used to excite the sample. Emission spectra were recorded the use of wavelength home windows of 10 nm, and integration time of two s (figure S1a). We additionally recorded fluorescence spectra using a Raman microscope (Supplementary cloth determine S1b).
Scanning electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (Hitachi 2360Â N, 25Â keV, Robinson BSE detector) turned into used to determine the integrity of pollen grains in low vacuum mode with none coating, after different remedies.
.